Testing solutions

I need the solutions for the following questions: 1. How do functional and non-functional software testing differ? Classify the following as functional and non-functional testing: i) Testing of the product to match the product behavior with the requirements document ii) Verification that a payroll system satisfies local tax laws iii) Testing of screens for user friendliness iv) Testing to ensure a newly added feature has no effect on the on the features previously implemented v) Testing performed by the customer after the component, integration and system testing phases have been completed vi) Testing to ensure a product is able to work together with one or more other products vii) Testing to evaluate a system beyond the limits of specified requirements 2. Describe the drawbacks of planned testing that justify the use of ad-hoc testing. How do ad-hoc test cases move into planned test cases over time? Which ad-hoc testing method will be most appropriate for an organization where testers and developers work closely together? 3. Describe a method for quantifying risk associated with a particular defect. An organization may decide to release a product with known defects. Is such a decision justifiable? . Explain with an example what a multiple-mode defect is for a software application. If there are 4 input variables (say x, y, z and w), each of which could take on 2 possible values (x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2, w1, w2), how many possible double-mode defects can there be? How many test inputs would you select to do pairwise testing? Show these test inputs. How many test inputs would be required for an exhaustive test?