Database Management Systems - integration of the theory and practice in the use of current database systems and the access of those systems. This included query languages (e.g. SQL), normalization, database integrity and security, file access methods, query processing, transaction processing, and backup/recovery.
• Computer systems - history of computers, microcomputers, stored program principles, hardware organization (motherboards, hard drives, RAM, CPU), number systems, types and uses of computers, programs and programming.